Colorado National Guard Headquarters - The Colorado National Guard consists of the Colorado Army National Guard and the Colorado Air Force National Guard, forming the United States National Guard of Colorado. Founded in 1860, the Colorado National Guard is part of the Colorado Department of Military and Veterans Affairs.
On January 23, 1860, the Jefferson Territory legislature authorized the creation of two armed companies: the Jefferson Rangers and the Dver Guards, partly to combat a group of turkey thieves known as the "Bummers" " - in the place called "Dver City Turkey." War."
Colorado National Guard Headquarters
Soon after, the disbanded Colorado Territory militia was formed as the "Colorado Volunteers". Colorado soldiers who fought in the American Civil War sided with the Confederacy.
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The 1st and 2nd Colorado Infantry Regiments, serving with the 2nd New Mexican Volunteer Infantry and Union Cavalry Regiments, won battles against Texas units at the Battle of Glorieta Pass in October. February 1862 under the command of former Methodist minister, Colonel John Chivington. In November 1862, the first Colorado Cavalry Regiment was formed.
Confederate cavalry at the Battle of Glorieta Pass, where Colorado territorial troops defeated Union troops in New Mexico.
After the Hungate Massacre, which killed a family of four—including two children under the age of 3—Governor John Evans authorized the creation of the Third Colorado Cavalry Regiment in August 1864 to fight the Native Americans. . The 1st and 3rd Colorado Cavalry, commanded by Chivington, launched an assault on Camp Arapaho and Cheyne in present-day Kiowa County during the Sand Creek Massacre. The attack killed at least 150 and as many as 500 Indians, mostly unarmed, and killed about 30 Colorado cavalry, some by fire.
Captain Silas Soule and Lieutenant Joseph Cramer, commanders of the 1st Colorado Cavalry K and D Companies, refused to give the order to attack.
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The Joint Committee on the Conduct of War stated that Chivington ordered and directed "a brutal and outrageous massacre that will put the victims of his cruelty to shame".
However, the commission did not bring charges or convictions because Chivington and other officials involved had previously resigned.
After Colorado became a state in 1876, the Colorado State Militia was occasionally activated to participate in the American Indian Wars and deal with striking miners.
The 1st Infantry Battalion was formed on 8 February 1879 and organized on 29 December 1881 in Dver. The unit was renamed the 1st Colorado Infantry Regiment and merged with the 2nd Colorado Infantry Regiment in the last quarter of the 19th Century.
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Three Hundred State Army Assistant Militia T.J. Tarsney was ordered by Governor Davis H. Waite in March 1894 to quell the Cripple Creek miners' strike, led by the Western Federation of Miners (WFM). Although the strikers blew up the landmines, the violence was relatively low compared with subsequent strikes in Colorado. The strike took place in June 1894.
The Militia Act of 1903 reorganized the state militias and established the modern National Guard system. In March of that year, the Colorado Labor War began, cutting off WFM-led gold and silver miners that were on strike across the state. Various strike groups faced resistance from the strike-breakers, the Pinkertons, Detective Agcy of the Baldwin-Felts, and the Watchful Citizens' Union.
In Idaho Springs, the strike demanded an eight-hour workday. The National Guard has now been deployed to respond to various incidents of violence across the state. About 1,000 guards were deployed during the unrest, armed with 60,000 rounds of .30-40 rounds for their Krag-Jørgs rifles.
Assistant Generals Sherman Bell and General John Chase commanded the troops, although the district was created on 4 September 1903 led by Colonel Edward Verdeckberg of the 1st Guards Brigade.
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The National Guard made arrests, executed orders, and protected the mines from strikers until the district was abolished on April 12, 1904. During this time, the Governor. James H. Peabody authorized the use of deadly force to subdue the strikers, especially near Cripple Creek. .
On December 4, 1903, the governor declared Teller County "in a state of rebellion and insurrection", but on January 28, 1904, declared the situation "rapidly changing" and suspended the government. militaristic regime, but left soldiers in the city. area. almost three months.
In March 1904, the offices of the WFM, which were said to have flown the American flag with the inscription "pleasant nature", were confiscated and destroyed by the military.
In June 1913, the foundation of the Army of the Colorado National Guard was laid in gold. Designed by James A. Gow to resemble a castle, it was built by Company A of the National Guard Gineer Corps. Built of 3,330 stone wagons and including a 65-foot-tall tower originally used for observation, Ripley's Believe It or Not describes it as the largest cobbled building in the United States.
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In September 1913, after months of sporadic strikes and years of mine accidents, the American Association of Mine Workers called for a general strike in the southern counties of Colorado against the mining companies. Coal mining violates state safety, wage and compensation laws. The strike specifically targeted the Colorado Iron and Fuel Company (CF&I), which is partly owned by Rockefeller in Huerfano, Las Animas and Pueblo counties. After more than 10,000 miners were evicted from company-owned towns in southern Colorado shortly after the strike was called, sporadic violence began between the strikers and the local militia. hired by company-backed strike breakers, mine guards and detective Baldwin-Felts. .
Now Assistant Geral, Geral John Chase was ordered by Governor Elias M. Ammons to send troops to Walsburg and elsewhere along the Colorado and Southern Railroad to disarm the raiders and prevent further violence. customary. Chase, a veteran of the 1903–04 strikes, advocated an aggressive strategy when dealing with strikers.
A company of the National Guard and four artillery units arrived at the strike area by train on October 9, 1913, to supplement the growing local militia.
After shooting several strikers in Walsburg by a substitute's horse on October 24, strikers and militiamen engaged in a gunfight in Berwind Canyon, Las Animas County. The militia was led by Lieutenant Karl Linderfelt of the National Guard. Strikers killed the National Guard from Dver.
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The National Guard was deployed on October 28 and began field operations the next day, arresting strikers accused of arson and assault.
Under an agreement between Geral Chase and John R. Lawson, the National Guard marched between the mines and settlements on November 1 to effect the disarmament of both sides. A military report on the incident records a warm reception by the strikers, especially at Ludlow, even though the National Guard received only 20 to 30 firearms, including one. toys, and was eventually mocked by the strikers.
In January 1914, Ammons and Chase authorized the arrest and imprisonment of Mother Jones, a workers' rights activist, in Trinidad. Several attempts by strikers and Trinidadians to free him through both protests and riots failed. In late January, an unexploded bomb was placed near several National Guard campsites, likely involved in these accidents.
After troops were sent to the southern part of the state for six months and Zion was appeased by the appeasement influence of union leader Louis Tikas and the National Guard — and despite the March massacre 1914 in Forbes, in which guards burned the attacker alive. Colonial collapse – most troops retreated to Dver garrisons by mid-April 1914 to reduce costs.
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On April 20, 1914, the remaining 177 Colorado National Guard soldiers and militiamen opened fire on the Ludlow settlement, resulting in the Ludlow Massacre. Major Patrick Hamrock and Linderfelt staged a battle against the attackers, killing about 20 people on the UMWA side, including at least one woman and child killed by soldier fire and one boy. The child was hit by a machine gun bullet. Louis Tikas was also killed, and Linderfelt was later found guilty of the murder, but was not tried or punished in a military trial. A National Guard soldier was killed by gunfire from the attackers.
Over the next week, the strikers sought revenge against the mining companies and the National Guard, launching dozens of deadly attacks across the state in the 10-day war. Geral Chase immediately sent hundreds of troops south to pacify the invaders. On April 28, Captain Hildreth Frost led a small force of the National Guard in the northernmost battle at a mine in Louisville.
That same day, a National Guard nurse was killed and several injured in a gunfight over a boar near Walsburg.
The fighting ended on April 29 after President Woodrow Wilson ordered federal troops to disarm the attackers and withdraw the National Guard. The strike ended without major violence in December 1914.
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Members of the Areo 120 Observation Team at Lowry Airport with the mascot Jeff (equipped with parachutes), circa 1924.
In June 1916, before the United States entered World War I, the Colorado Nation
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