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A pump-jet, hydrojet, or hydrojet is a marine system that produces a jet of water for propulsion. The mechanical arrangement can be a suction pump (axial flow pump), a centrifugal pump, or a mixed pump, which is a combination of centrifugal and axial designs. The design also includes a pump to supply water from the pump and a nozzle to direct the flow of water from the pump.
Pump Jet Propulsor
This picture shows the operation of the bucket in reverse. 1: forward throw, reverse bucket 2: reverse throw, reverse bucket throw flow
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A pump-jet works with an intake that allows water to flow to the bottom of the vessel (usually at the bottom of the vessel). Water enters the pump. The pump can be a centrifugal design for high speeds or an axial flow pump for low to medium speeds. The water pressure inside the inlet is increased by the pump and withdrawn from the nozzle. When using a reverse bucket, reverse can be thrown quickly and without changing gears or adjusting the return direction. Reversing the drums can also be used to slow the boat down. This feature is the main reason why pump jets are so powerful.
The nozzle also provides steering for the pump-jet. Rudder-like plates are attached to the nozzles to direct the board to the water flow port and on the board. In some respects, it is similar to the principles of air launch vectoring, used in flight vehicles (missiles and rockets) and later in military aircraft. This makes pump-driven vessels highly mobile at sea. Another advantage is that the rudder does not tilt, unlike in a powered aircraft, using a reverse barrel.
An axial flow water reactor increases pressure by spreading the flow through the impeller blades and stator vanes. The pump nozzle converts this pressure energy into velocity, thus creating a discharge.
Jet watercraft produce high noise at low speeds and are suitable for large medium and medium speed craft, except for personal watercraft, where large volumes of water produce high emissions and high speeds. But these ships have a higher power-to-weight ratio than most seaplanes. Submersible pumps are the most common type of pump.
Alamarin Jet Water Jet Propulsion Unit
Mixed flow water jet designs include both axial flow and centrifugal pump components. Pressure is developed by diffusion and radial flow. Mixed flow designs produce low volumes of water at high velocities, making them suitable for small to medium craft sizes and high velocities. There are often water jets for high-speed pleasure craft and waterless river races (see River Marathon).
Pump impellers typically have some advantages over bare impellers for certain applications with high speed or low performance requirements. These include:
Twogood and Hayes described a boat with a central water channel equipped with either a centrifugal or a centrifugal pump to provide propulsion.
On December 3, 1787, inventor James Ramsay demonstrated a water-powered boat that used a steam-powered pump to propel a stream of water from steam.
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This event took place on the Potomac River in Chopinstown, Virginia (now West Virginia) in front of many witnesses, including Gerald Horatio Gates. The 50-foot-long boat traveled half a mile before returning to the dock. The ship was reported to reach four kilometers per hour.
In April 1932, Italian builder Secondo Campini demonstrated a pump-jet propulsion ship in Vicenza, Italy. The ship reached a top speed of 28 knots (32 mph; 52 km/h), a speed comparable to that of a conventional gen-ship of the same production. The Italian Navy, which funded the ship's development, did not receive any orders but vetoed sales of the design outside Italy.
Pump jets were once limited to high-speed pleasure craft (gliders and jet boats) and other small craft, but since the 2000s demand for high-speed craft has increased.
Thus, the pump jet became popular on large ships, military aircraft and ships. These can be powered by diesel engines or gas turbines on larger ships. Speeds of up to 40 knots (45 mph; 75 km/h) can be achieved with a glider in this configuration.
Uss Witek Dd 848 Showing Her Newly Installed Experimental Pump Jet Propulsion System At Boston Navy Yard Dec 1959. [2048x1687]
Pump powered jets are very maneuverable. Examples of vessels using pumps include the Car Nicobar patrol boats, Hemina-class missile boats, Valor-class frigates, Satta high-speed sea service ferries, the US Seawolf and Virginia class, as well as the Russian Bory. class submarines and US littoral combat ships. A Scorpene (a 2,000 ton "small" conventional submarine (SSK) with a pump is shown. Is the Scorpion pumpjet just a 2005 scrapped/cancelled idea? Or is there a possibility of a Pumpjet joining the Scorpion in the future? Pumpjets were first introduced in 1994 The Triumph-SSBN has been in service with French submarines since its launch.(Artwork courtesy of DCNS Australia)
DCNS' 2016 pitch for the Shortfin: “Pumpjet displacement means the Shortfin Barracuda can operate more quietly than submarines with older ghost technology.
Will a pump (which seems to have disappeared after DCNS's Scorpene SSK) disappear from the Shortfin SSK? Almost all SSKs have a bear ghost in shortfin?
The range of submarine speeds when a pump is strategically appropriate (14 knots? 20 knots? Somewhere in between?) depends on the situation and the need to carry the weight under the pump.
File:jmsdf Type 97 Dummy Torpedo Pump Jet Propeller Left Front View At Kanoya Air Base April 30, 2017.jpg
A common disadvantage is high pump weight compared to the bare area. But can't the weight of the pump be increased? ie would a pump for an average 1800 ton SSK be smaller and lighter than a pump for a 5000 ton short fin?
If the density argument is correct - what is the main difference between SSKs and SSNs? Motor power and resultant speed.
SSN can run at 20+ knots for a week, SSK is completely submerged in battery (and AIP too) can only run at 20+ knots for 2 days or less.
In the rare but strategically important situation where high speed is required to fight another submarine or escape an ASW threat, the pump can travel at a higher speed before cavitation begins. This means the following voice signature.
Russia's Only Pump Jet Kilo Class Submarine Is Back To Attack Ukraine
The pump head can protect the rotating element (impeller) from hard objects (rocks or seashore). This can help with offshore, low-water operations.
Because of the limited fuel consumption (not a concern of an unlimited nuclear reactor), it can be more efficient than a low-speed engine. This may include the SSK's normal useful submersible speed (5 knots?) in battery or AIP.
Reversing or not reversing to slow or reverse the submarine? Why do submarines need archers? Or a bow tie for shorts?
The pump inlet panel may become clogged with debris. For example, the ocean (could it be reversed?)
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Kilo submarine B-871 ("Alrosa") (commissioned 1989 (with pump? Or rebuilt?)) Large pump with 7 stators and 11 clutches. It spends a lot of time in dry dock. - perhaps Alroza means that the pump is a test vehicle intended for larger SSNs or SSBNs.
It is not clear why pumpjets are not used for SSG - at this stage it raises more questions than answers:
The pump artwork includes the DCNS Scorpene (2000 ton SSK), but no evidence (?) that it was approved for the Scorpene.
Pumps were not reworked on DCNS's smaller (2400 ton) Amethyst-Rubis class SSNs, so does this prove that the small size eliminates the pumps, or that the cost of reprocessing at Amethyst-Rubis is too high?
Pump Jet Propulsion Units For Spearfish Heavyweight Torpedoes During Tests. Photo By Gec Marconi.
It is difficult to determine whether Pumpjet's proposal for a short fin is a marketing proposition or a technology that may have practical value.
Is there an argument that the Barracuda SSN could be a prototype to solve any technical problem before the shortcuts are built? But will the speed curve of the shorts be the same as the barracuda barracuda with the pump prototype for the short bar? In the end, a lot will depend on how much communication the smartphone can reliably transmit - it may appear only in 2031. PARIS---May 6, 2013--- In a move that could change the marine industry's approach to propulsion technology, Power Conversion Business (NYSE:) has expanded its marine systems portfolio with the Inovelis™ podded thruster. unmatched fuel economy and overall performance.
It adds an electric propeller with a motor inside the rudder placed under the hull of the submarine.
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